|
Urban-type settlement ((ロシア語:посёлок городско́го ти́па) - ''posyolok gorodskogo tipa'', abbreviated: - ''p.g.t.''; - ''selyshche mis'koho typu'', abbreviated: - ''s.m.t.''; (ベラルーシ語:пасёлак гарадскога тыпу); (ポーランド語:osiedle typu miejskiego); (ブルガリア語:селище от градски тип) - ''selishte ot gradski tip'') is an official designation for a semi-urban settlement (or a former town): *in the past - in the Soviet Union, Poland and Bulgaria *today - in 10 post-Soviet states. This type of locality has been used in all 15 member republics of the former Soviet Union since 1922 when it replaced number of terms which could have been translated by the English term "town" (Russia - ''posad'', Ukraine - mistechko, Belarus - miastechko (the latter two from Polish "miasteczko", literally "small town") and others). It was even introduced later in Poland (1954) and Bulgaria (1964). All the urban-type settlements in Poland were transformed in other types of settlement (town or village) in 1972, while in Bulgaria and 5 of the post-Soviet republics (namely Armenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova) - in the early 1990s. Today this term is still used in the other 10 post-Soviet republics - Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. What counts as an urban-type settlement differs between time periods and countries, and often between different divisions of a single country. However, the criteria generally focus on the presence of urban infrastructure or resort facilities for urban residents. ==Soviet Union== In the Soviet Union the criteria of urban-type settlements were set independently by the Soviet Republics. Those criteria, however, only differed very slightly from one republic to another. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Urban-type settlement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|